Prevalencia de elevación de transaminasas como indicador de sospecha de MAFLD en estudiantes de Medicina con peso normal

Abrams, G. A., Rabil, A. M., Williams, A.-Y. P., & Hecht, E. M. (2021). Serum alanine transaminase is an inadequate nonalcoholic fatty liver screening test in adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Clinical Pediatrics, 60(8), 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228211020177

Alkhouri, N., Almomani, A., Le, P., Payne, J. Y., Asaad, I., Sakkal, C., Vos, M., Noureddin, M., & Kumar, P. (2022). The prevalence of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults in the United States: Analysis of the NHANES database. BMC Gastroenterology, 22, 366. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02430-7

Arshad, T., Paik, J. M., Biswas, R., Alqahtani, S. A., Henry, L., & Younossi, Z. M. (2021). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence trends among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2007–2016. Hepatology Communications, 5(10), 1676–1688. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1760

Cheah, M. C. C., Crane, H., & George, J. (2025). Global prevalence, metabolic characteristics, and outcomes of lean-MAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology International, 19(3), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-025-10801-x

Cusi, K., Bril, F., Portillo-Sanchez, P., et al. (2025). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with diabetes: The need for screening and early intervention. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 48(7), 1057–1082. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0094

Danpanichkul, P., Suparan, K., Prasitsumrit, V., Ahmed, A., Wijarnpreecha, K., & Kim, D. (2025). Long-term outcomes and risk modifiers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in lean individuals. Clinical and Molecular Hepatology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0631

De, A., Bhagat, N., Mehta, M., Taneja, S., & Duseja, A. (2024). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definition is better than MAFLD criteria for lean patients with NAFLD. Journal of Hepatology, 80(2), e61–e62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.031

Diaz, L. A., Arab, J. P., Idalsoaga, F., Perelli, J., Vega, J., Dirchwolf, M., Carreño, J., Samith, B., Valério, C., Moreira, R. O., Acevedo, M., Brahm, J., Hernández, N., Gadano, A., Oliveira, C. P., Arrese, M., Castro-Narro, G., & Pessoa, M. G. (2025). Updated recommendations for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by the Latin American working group. Annals of Hepatology, 30(2), 101903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101903

Díaz, L. A., Villota-Rivas, M., Barrera, F., Lazarus, J. V., & Arrese, M. (2024). The burden of liver disease in Latin America. Annals of Hepatology, 29(3), 101175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101175

Elhoseeny, M. M., Rageh, F., Rezk, S. M., & Othman, A. A. A. (2025). Frequency and risk factors of metabolic associated fatty liver disease among medical students in Egypt. Scientific Reports, 15, 13470. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95753-w

Eslam, M., Fan, J.-G., Yu, M.-L., Wong, V. W.-S., Cua, I. H., Liu, C.-J., Tanwandee, T., Gani, R., Seto, W.-K., Alam, S., Young, D. Y., Hamid, S., Zheng, M.-H., Kawaguchi, T., Chan, W.-K., Payawal, D., Tan, S.-S., Goh, G. B.-B., Strasser, S. I., ... George, J. (2025). The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Hepatology International, 19, 261–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-024-10774-3

European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, & European Association for the Study of Obesity. (2024). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Journal of Hepatology, 81(3), 492–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031

Ha, J., Yim, S. Y., & Karagozian, R. (2023). Mortality and liver-related events in lean versus non-lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 21(10), 2496–2507.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2022.11.019

Lee, J., Byrne, C. J., Brennan, P. N., MacPherson, I., Dow, E., & Dillon, J. F. (2024). Optimal ALT threshold for the automated diagnosis of MASLD: A population-based study using iLFT. Annals of Hepatology, 29(2), 101280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101280

NAFLD Nomenclature Consensus Group. (2023). A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Journal of Hepatology, 79(6), 1542–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003

Njei, B., Ameyaw, P., Al-Ajlouni, Y., Njei, L.-P., & Boateng, S. (2024). Diagnosis and management of lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): A systematic review. Cureus, 16(10), e71451. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.71451

Olaez-Ramos, C. E., Mojica-Zamudio, K. L., Sandoval-Rodríguez, A. S., & Armendáriz-Borunda, J. A. (2026). Epidemiology and diagnostic of MASLD in Latin America: A yet to be met challenge. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1700072. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1700072

Rinella, M. E., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Siddiqui, M. S., Abdelmalek, M. F., Caldwell, S., Barb, D., Kleiner, D. E., & Loomba, R. (2023). AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology, 77(5), 1797–1835. https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000323

Sterling, R. K., Patel, K., Duarte-Rojo, A., Asrani, S. K., Alsawas, M., Dranoff, J. A., Fiel, M. I., Murad, M. H., Leung, D. H., Levine, D., Taddei, T. H., Taouli, B., & Rockey, D. C. (2025). AASLD Practice Guideline on blood-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Hepatology, 81(1), 321–357. https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000845

Tang, A., Ng, C. H., Phang, P. H., Chan, K. E., Chin, Y. H., Fu, C. E., Zeng, R. W., Xiao, J., Tan, D. J. H., Quek, J., Lim, W. H., Mak, L. Y., Wang, J.-W., Chew, N. W. S., Syn, N., Huang, D. Q., Siddiqui, M. S., Sanyal, A., Muthiah, M., & Noureddin, M. (2023). Comparative burden of metabolic dysfunction in lean NAFLD vs non-lean NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 21(7), 1750–1760.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2022.06.029

Tomah, S., Hamdy, O., Abuelmagd, M. M., Hassan, A. H., Alkhouri, N., Al-Badri, M. R., Gardner, H., Eldib, A. H., & Eid, E. A. (2021). Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis among young adults in Egypt. BMJ Open Gastroenterology, 8(1), e000780. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000780

Valbuena-Gregorio, E., López-Mata, M. A., Olivas-Aguirre, F. J., Márquez-Ibarra, A. A., Armenta-Guirado, B. J., & Arreguín Coronado, A. (2025). Association of liver enzymes and lipid profile with body fat distribution in Mexican university students. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 75(3), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.37527/2025.75.3.002

Xuan, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, Q., Yu, Z., Yu, J., & Zhou, D. (2024). Elevated ALT/AST ratio as a marker for NAFLD risk and severity: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis in the United States. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1457598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1457598

Younossi, Z. M., Golabi, P., Paik, J. M., Henry, A., Van Dongen, C., & Henry, L. (2023). The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review. Hepatology, 77(4), 1335–1347. https://doi.org/10.1097/HEP.0000000000000004