La resistencia a los antibióticos como amenaza global para la medicina y la salud pública en el siglo XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63688/s18n7d41Palabras clave:
resistencia a los antibióticos, resistencia antimicrobiana, salud pública, saludResumen
La resistencia a los antibióticos constituye una de las principales amenazas para la medicina y la salud pública contemporánea, debido a que reduce la eficacia de los tratamientos antimicrobianos y dificulta el control de infecciones bacterianas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica relacionada con la resistencia a los antibióticos, identificando los principales factores que favorecen su aparición, su impacto sanitario y las estrategias necesarias para disminuir su propagación. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura científica, con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y analítico, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos como PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, SciELO y Google Scholar. Tras el proceso de identificación, cribado y elegibilidad, se incluyeron 18 estudios científicos. Los resultados evidencian que la resistencia antimicrobiana es un fenómeno multifactorial relacionado con el uso inadecuado de antibióticos, la automedicación, la prescripción sin diagnóstico oportuno, el uso de antimicrobianos en animales y la contaminación ambiental. Se concluye que enfrentar esta amenaza requiere fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica, el diagnóstico oportuno, los programas de optimización antimicrobiana y el enfoque.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jorge David Robalino Pailiacho, Wilmer Javier Vargas Allauca, Byron Alexander Chafla Quishpi, Joselyn Alejandra Zurita Cartajena, Jhosselyn Katerine Maigualema Lema (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
