Rol del score de calcio coronario en la estratificación del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular

Jean Carlos Marcillo Marcillo; Holger Yefrey Muñoz Mantilla; Jose Miguel Bustos Ramon; Rommel Israel Valero Borja; Elsa Odalis Oñate Casalombo

doi:10.63688/mv6mfa02

Authors

Jean Carlos Marcillo Marcillo Investigador independiente Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1722-7104
Holger Yefrey Muñoz Mantilla Investigador independiente Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7558-7635
Jose Miguel Bustos Ramon Investigador independiente Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1807-2950
Rommel Israel Valero Borja Investigador independiente Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0361-9647
Elsa Odalis Oñate Casalombo Investigador independiente Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6698-5303

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63688/mv6mfa02

Keywords:

atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcium score, cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and in Ecuador, and is closely associated with the atherosclerotic process and the development of acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Traditional cardiovascular risk stratification tools present important limitations, as they do not adequately account for factors such as age, ethnicity, and other relevant risk determinants. Consequently, the coronary artery calcium score has emerged as a complementary method for risk assessment. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the coronary artery calcium score as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. A narrative bibliographic review with a qualitative approach was conducted. Data were obtained from Scopus, Web of Science, SciElo, and Google Scholar, including a total of 14 sources for analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrated that the coronary artery calcium score allows the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis, and values greater than 300 are associated with a higher probability of myocardial ischemia. It is concluded that the coronary artery calcium score is a useful clinical tool to improve cardiovascular risk stratification and to guide individualized patient management. However, its main limitations include cost, availability, exposure to radiation, and reduced sensitivity for detecting low-density plaques.

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