Preventive medicine and early cancer detection: current strategies to improve patient survival
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63688/fh754q64Keywords:
cancer prevention, early cancer detection, patient survival, right to health, healthcare equityAbstract
This study aimed to analyze current strategies for cancer prevention and early detection to improve patient survival, considering their clinical effectiveness and the legal challenges associated with their implementation. A structured literature review with a qualitative and descriptive-analytical approach was conducted, examining 15 scientific publications from 2020 to 2026. The documentary analysis was organized into five thematic categories: cancer epidemiology and primary prevention, screening and early detection, equity in access to preventive healthcare services, ethical challenges and benefit assessment, and emerging diagnostic technologies. The findings showed that human papillomavirus vaccination can reduce cervical cancer incidence, while low-dose computed tomography screening can reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations. Colonoscopy demonstrated benefits in reducing colorectal cancer incidence, although its effect on mortality was not statistically significant in the primary analysis of the reviewed trial. Furthermore, economic, geographical, and social barriers were identified as factors limiting access to preventive services. Emerging multicancer detection technologies also presented challenges related to false-positive results, overdiagnosis, and insufficient evidence of clinical benefit. It was concluded that cancer prevention and early detection can contribute to better health outcomes when supported by scientific evidence, equitable access, appropriate healthcare regulation, and protection of patients' rights. Further research and stronger public health policies are recommended to improve timely diagnosis and equitable cancer care.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Aracelly Belén Méndez Rosero, Melany Alejandra Girón Carrillo, Daniela Elizabeth Inguillay Calero, Ruth Lizbeth Quiguiri Cajo, Karla Estrella España Cuasapaz (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
